Is Glaucoma Hereditary? What You Need to Know

Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of irreversible vision loss - but it often develops so gradually that many people don’t realize they have it until it’s too late. Because the condition can progress silently and without warning signs, understanding your personal risk factors is crucial. Knowing your genetic risk and staying consistent with annual eye exams are key steps in protecting your vision for life.
 

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual information from your eyes to your brain. This damage is often caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), though glaucoma can also occur in individuals with normal eye pressure. Over time, untreated glaucoma can lead to peripheral vision loss and eventually total blindness.
 

Is Glaucoma Hereditary?

Glaucoma often has a hereditary component. Studies show that individuals with a family history of glaucoma are more likely to develop the disease themselves. The risk is even higher if a close relative - such as a parent or sibling - has been diagnosed.

There are several forms of glaucoma, and genetics can play a different role in each type:

• Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG): The most common form, POAG tends to run in families and is strongly linked to genetic factors.

• Angle-Closure Glaucoma: While less common, it can also have hereditary elements, especially in populations with certain anatomical eye traits.

• Congenital Glaucoma: This rare form is present at birth and is almost always inherited due to genetic mutations affecting eye development.

If glaucoma runs in your family, it’s crucial to share this information with your eye doctor so they can recommend more frequent monitoring and early screening.
 

Why Annual Eye Exams Are Essential

Even if you don’t have symptoms or vision changes, annual eye exams are the most effective way to detect glaucoma in its earliest stages. Because glaucoma-related vision loss cannot be reversed, early diagnosis is key to preserving your sight.

During your eye exam, your optometrist will perform several painless tests, including measuring eye pressure, evaluating the optic nerve, and assessing your peripheral vision. These tests can reveal subtle changes long before you notice any symptoms.
 

Who Is Most at Risk?

While anyone can develop glaucoma, your risk increases if you:

• Have a family history of glaucoma

• Are over age 40

• Are of African, Hispanic, or Asian descent

• Have high eye pressure

• Have experienced eye injuries or chronic eye inflammation

• Take certain medications like corticosteroids

Recognizing these factors allows for proactive care and tailored treatment plans to prevent long-term damage.
 

Stay Ahead of Glaucoma at The Center for Eye Care and Optical

While glaucoma can be hereditary, it doesn’t have to lead to vision loss. Understanding your family history and scheduling regular eye exams are the best ways to detect the condition early. With timely diagnosis and ongoing care, glaucoma can be effectively managed to preserve your sight for years to come.

If you have a family history of glaucoma, schedule your next eye exam at The Center for Eye Care and Optical to ensure your eyes stay healthy and your vision remains clear. Visit our office in West Islip, New York, or call (631) 825-7725 to book an appointment today.